How to conduct a pay equity analysis
Grant-funded nonprofit organizations such as Head Starts are required to conduct regular wage comparability studies, or pay equity analyses, to ensure their compensation is comparable to positions of like value within the communities they serve.
There are distinct benefits to performing a pay equity analysis beyond those of complying with the regulations. The analysis can help your organization navigate not only how to establish salary ranges and how to develop a pay structure that is competitive and equitable, but also on how to administer individual employee rates of pay.
We are in an unprecedented labor market, where more jobs exist than there are people to fill them. As a result we are seeing significant competitive pressure on wages at all levels of the organization. Nonprofit organizations, like employers across all industries, are finding it increasingly difficult to not only attract but also retain employees.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics announced in October that the number of individuals quitting their job increased in August to 4.3 million. A Gallup analysis in March 2021 found that 48% of America’s employees were actively job searching or watching for new opportunities. Some believe that the number of employees ae potentially in play for new jobs could be closer to 55% or more.
Whatever the reason, an employment shuffle is occurring. It is imperative your organization clearly understands the competitive pay rates for employees.
How to perform a pay equity analysis
If you have the capacity and expertise on your human resources team, it is possible for your organization to conduct your pay equity analysis internally rather than working with a third party.
When conducting the analysis, you generally follow these eight main steps:
1. Form a compensation committee
This is an internal committee made up of senior leadership that represents a cross section of the organization (e.g., HR, fiscal, Head Start and major department heads). Committee members must be able to be impartial during the wage comparability process and be able to distinguish between the position itself and the incumbent filling the position. If they cannot separate the role from the person, they cannot effectively serve as a member of the committee.
2. Develop and/or update job descriptions
Performing this step well, and thoroughly, is critical to the success of your pay equity analysis. While it can be a difficult step in the process to complete, it is imperative that managers review and ensure the job descriptions are an accurate reflection of the roles and responsibilities of the position. When making the request, it’s helpful to communicate to managers exactly why you’re asking — they will be used in the compensation process to evaluate the value of the job in the communities you serve.
3. Conduct an internal equity analysis
Once job descriptions are reviewed and updated as needed, you can move on to conducting an internal equity analysis. To bring objectivity to the evaluation process, it’s helpful to use a point factor system. This allows you to apply compensable factors to categories such as skills, responsibilities, working conditions and education experience. The internal equity process helps you to determine the relative value of each position to every other position in thes organization. It helps to identify positions that may look very different in terms of roles and responsibilities as having comparable internal value.
This step in the process can also help you to identify where you may have unclear or inconsistent requirements (e.g., education, experience).
4. Conduct an external market analysis
Following the internal equity analysis, it’s time to conduct external market analysis. At this step, you use published wage and salary survey data. Identify what demographics factors (e.g., geography, budget size, number of employees) are important to ensure you gather the right data. It’s also critical to focus on each position’s role and responsibilities (not the title, as titles may be inconsistent across organizations and don’t make for good comparisons). A best practice is to price each unique position within the organization. In this way, you convey that all positions are important and should be considered. (It is again critical to remain focused on the job itself and not the incumbent, who comes into focus in a later step.)
5. Design the salary structure
Once you’ve identified like-valued positions by grouping like-valued midpoints through your analysis, you can begin designing your salary structure. Start with the highest paid position, which sets the upper limit within your salary structure, and then build ranges underneath of like-valued positions. You should take into account progression between midpoints as well as a +/- spread around midpoints in order to establish your salary range. The result will be series of overlapping ranges that have all positions within the organization placed. The number of ranges will depend on the size of the organization.
6. Conduct a comparative ratio analysis
Up until this point, all steps in the process have been non-incumbent specific. The comparative ratio analysis provides the opportunity to evaluate individual employee pay rates in consideration of determined salary structure midpoints. Factors that may influence placement within range include: performance, length of service, unique skillsets, flight risk, full-time or part-time status and other factors important to the organization. These factors and other decisions points may influence where an employee is placed within a specific salary range.
7. Develop administration policies
This step is your opportunity to define your compensation philosophy. What will you do when: an employee is outside of range (either above or below midpoint), performance has changed overtime, or an individual has changed positions? By developing your administration policies and procedures, you are anticipating how you will address specific situations in a proactive, intentional manner.
8. Create and execute a communication plan
Without proper communication, your pay equity analysis project can fail. Today, people have different levels of expectations around pay transparency and communication. Your compensation philosophy and degree of preferred transparency within influence communication. Compensation is a very emotional topic to employees. You must be able to appropriately and effectively convey how you are managing compensation. Communication should extend to not only base compensation but also any type of unique benefits and other rewards that are important to employees.
What’s the value of a third party?
While you can conduct a pay equity analysis internally, leveraging a third party can save your team months of time — especially if you’re staffed lean like many nonprofits.
A third party also brings significant expertise and experience in evaluating job descriptions, gathering wage and salary data, building compensation structures and accessing valuable resources and tools. Plus, when it’s hard for leaders to fight human nature and truly separate the person from the role being performed, a third party can come in without bias and provide the objectivity needed to make the project a true success. They can hold difficult conversations, taking pressure off your team.
Lastly — a big note of caution — while you may be tempted to reach out directly to “like” organizations to pulse them on wages — avoid doing so. It may be perceived as engaging in activities that are considered or associated with collusion. In its simplest form, collusion occurs when organizations work together to establish wages at predetermined levels. Using a third party can help you avoid even the appearance of such activities.
Sample wage comparability RFP
The Wipfli team has decades of experience working with nonprofit organizations and performing wage comparability studies. We understand the unique challenges nonprofits face, including how to help them attract and retain employees in the current market. Contact us to learn more.
We’ve also developed a sample RFP to assist you with securing a third party to help you analyze your organization’s compensation structure and practices. Click here to download this free sample RFP.
Related content:
